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Blood, 15 May 2001, Vol. 97, No. 10, pp. 3283-3291
TRANSPLANTATION
Rapid and efficient homing of human
CD34+CD38 /lowCXCR4+
stem and progenitor cells to the bone marrow and spleen of
NOD/SCID and NOD/SCID/B2mnull mice
Orit Kollet,
Asaf Spiegel,
Amnon Peled,
Isabelle Petit,
Tamara Byk,
Rami Hershkoviz,
Esther Guetta,
Gad Barkai,
Arnon Nagler, and
Tsvee Lapidot
From the Department of Immunology, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine,
Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology and Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical
Center Tel-Hashomer, and Department of Human Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv,
Tel-Aviv, Israel; and Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Stem cell homing into the bone microenvironment is the first step
in the initiation of marrow-derived blood cells. It is reported that
human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) repopulating cells home
and accumulate rapidly, within a few hours, in the bone marrow and
spleen of immunodeficient mice previously conditioned with total body
irradiation. Primitive
CD34+CD38 /lowCXCR4+ cells
capable of engrafting primary and secondary recipient mice selectively
homed to the bone marrow and spleen, whereas
CD34 CD38 /lowLin cells
were not detected. Moreover, whereas freshly isolated
CD34+CD38+/high cells did not home, in
vivo stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as part of
the mobilization process, or in vitro stem cell factor stimulation for
2 to 4 days, potentiated the homing capabilities of cytokine-stimulated
CD34+CD38+ cells. Homing of enriched human
CD34+ cells was inhibited by pretreatment with anti-CXCR4
antibodies. Moreover, primitive
CD34+CD38 /lowCXCR4+
cells also homed in response to a gradient of human stromal
cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), directly injected into the bone
marrow or spleen of nonirradiated NOD/SCID mice. Homing was
also inhibited by pretreatment of CD34+ cells with
antibodies for the major integrins VLA-4, VLA-5, and LFA-1. Pertussis
toxin, an inhibitor of signals mediated by G i proteins, inhibited SDF-1-mediated in vitro transwell migration but
not adhesion or in vivo homing of CD34+ cells. Homing of
human CD34+ cells was also blocked by chelerythrine
chloride, a broad-range protein kinase C inhibitor. This study
reveals rapid and efficient homing to the murine bone marrow by
primitive human
CD34+CD38 /lowCXCR4+
cells that is integrin mediated and depends on activation of the
protein kinase C signal transduction pathway by
SDF-1.

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