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Blood, 1 May 2001, Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 2846-2853
NEOPLASIA
Down-regulation of interleukin-3/granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor receptor -chain in BCR-ABL+
human leukemic cells: association with loss of cytokine-mediated
Stat-5 activation and protection from apoptosis after
BCR-ABL inhibition
Nicholas J. Donato,
Ji Y. Wu,
Ling Zhang,
Hagop Kantarjian, and
Moshe Talpaz
From the Departments of Bioimmunotherapy and Leukemia,
M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX.
Several signaling cascades are engaged by expression of the p210
bcr-abl tyrosine kinase, and evidence suggests that these signals drive
leukemogenesis. In this report, signaling pathways were examined and
compared between cells derived from leukemic patients and cells
expressing a bcr-abl construct (MBA). The effects of acute inhibition
of bcr-abl with STI-571 on these signals and the survival of
bcr-abl-expressing cells were also evaluated. Expression of bcr-abl in
interleukin-3 (IL-3)/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent Mo7e cells (MBA) resulted
in growth factor independence, constitutive activation of Stat-5
phosphorylation, engagement of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
signals, and increased expression of PTP1B and bcl-xL. STI-571 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in
bcr-abl-expressing cells (MBA, K562, BV-173, KBM5) but not in
bcr-abl tumor cells (Mo7e, KG-1, ME-180, Daudi).
STI-571-mediated apoptosis correlated with the inhibition of Stat-5
and MAP kinase activation and a reduction in overexpressed
bcl-xL but not in PTP1B. Inhibitor had no effect on
IL-3/GM-CSF-dependent Mo7e cell signaling and did not prevent
activation of the other Jak/Stat pathways (interferon ,
IL-3/GM-CSF). However, neither IL-3 nor GM-CSF could reactivate Stat-5
after the STI-571-mediated inhibition of bcr-abl. Expression of
the common -chain of the IL-3/GM-CSF receptor was down-regulated in
Stat-5-activated myeloid leukemic cells, suppressing IL-3/GM-CSF signal transduction and the ability of these cytokines to provide apoptotic protection. These studies suggest that bcr-abl activates cytokine-independent mechanisms of survival while inactivating intrinsic cytokine signaling cascades, making bcr-abl+
myeloid cells vulnerable to apoptosis after bcr-abl inactivation.

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