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Blood, 1 July 2001, Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 140-145
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Surgical and physical stress increases circulating blood
dendritic cell counts independently of monocyte counts
Christopher S. K. Ho,
Jose
Alejandro López,
Slavica Vuckovic,
Christopher M. Pyke,
Richard L. Hockey, and
Derek N. J. Hart
From the Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Mater Medical
Research Institute; University of Queensland Department of Surgery,
Mater Misericordiae Hospitals Campus; and Clinical Epidemiology Centre,
Mater Misericordiae Hospitals; all of Brisbane, Australia.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that
have the unique ability to initiate a primary immune response. The
effect of physiologic stress on circulating blood DCs has thus far not
been studied. In this study, we applied a recently developed method of
counting blood DCs to test the hypothesis that significant stress to
the body such as surgery and exercise might induce measurable changes
in the DC numbers, subsets, phenotype, and function. Twenty-six
patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 4 for elective hysterectomy, 56 controls, and 5 volunteers who underwent
a stress exercise test were enrolled in the study. Absolute DC
counts increased acutely (71.7% ± 11% [SEM],
P = .0001) in response to the stress of surgery and
dropped below preoperative levels ( 25% ± 14% [SEM],
P = .05) on days 2-3. The perioperative DC subset balance
remained constant. Interestingly, DC counts changed independently of
monocyte counts. Exercise also induced a rise in DC counts but
coincidentally with monocyte counts. Surprisingly, no phenotypic
or functional activation of DCs was seen in either stress situations in
vivo. DCs are rapidly mobilized into the circulation in response to
surgical and exercise stress, which may serve to prepare the
host's immune defenses against trauma. The independent regulation of
the DC and monocyte counts reinforces the distinction between these 2 cell populations.
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