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Blood, 15 August 2001, Vol. 98, No. 4, pp. 1150-1159
NEOPLASIA
Autocrine antiapoptotic stimulation of cultured adult T-cell
leukemia cells by overexpression of the chemokine I-309
Tobias Ruckes,
Domenica Saul,
Jacques Van Snick,
Olivier Hermine, and
Ralph Grassmann
From the Institut für Klinische und Molekulare
Virologie, Erlangen, Germany; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research,
Brussels Branch, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; and
Department of Clinical Hematology, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of
CD4+ T cells caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type
1 (HTLV-1). The viral leukemogenesis is critically dependent on its
oncoprotein Tax because the protein as well as the virus can
immortalize primary human lymphocytes to permanent growth. As a
transcriptional transactivator, Tax can stimulate the expression of
distinct cellular genes. Alterations in the expression levels of
unknown growth-relevant genes may contribute to the changed growth
properties of Tax-immortalized and leukemic cells. To identify genes
that are linked to Tax transformation and ATL leukemogenesis, this
study systematically compared the gene expression of cultured cells
from patients with acute ATL with that of stimulated peripheral blood T
lymphocytes. Several overexpressed RNAs that encode signal transduction
functions were identified. These include a dual-specific protein
phosphatase (PAC1), an interferon-inducible factor (ISG15), a basic
helix-loop-helix transcription factor (DEC-1), and the secreted
antiapoptotic chemokine I-309. The ATL cell culture supernatants
contained an antiapoptotic activity that could be specifically
inhibited by antibodies directed against I-309. Inhibition of I-309
receptor (CCR8) signaling by pertussis toxin increased the apoptosis
rate of ATL cell cultures in the presence and absence of external
apoptotic stimuli. Both the I-309-specific antiapoptotic activity and
the proapoptotic effect of inhibitors of I-309 signaling suggest the
existence of an antiapoptotic autocrine loop in ATL cells. Thus, the
overexpression of this chemokine may inhibit apoptosis in ATL cells and
could substantially contribute to their growth.

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