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Blood, 1 January 2002, Vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 44-51
CHEMOKINES
Sulfated polysaccharides increase plasma levels of SDF-1 in
monkeys and mice: involvement in mobilization of stem/progenitor
cells
Elizabeth A. Sweeney,
Hugues Lortat-Jacob,
Gregory V. Priestley,
Betty Nakamoto, and
Thalia Papayannopoulou
It was previously reported that treatment with the
sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan or the structurally similar dextran
sulfate increased circulating mature white blood cells and
hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs) in mice and nonhuman
primates; however, the mechanism mediating these effects was unclear.
It is reported here that plasma concentrations of the highly
potent chemoattractant stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) increase
rapidly and dramatically after treatment with fucoidan in monkeys and
in mice, coinciding with decreased levels in bone marrow. In vitro and
in vivo data suggest that the SDF-1 increase is due to its competitive
displacement from heparan sulfate proteoglycans that sequester the
chemokine on endothelial cell surfaces or extracellular matrix in bone
marrow and other tissues. Although moderately increased levels of
interleukin-8, MCP1, or MMP9 were also present after fucoidan
treatment, studies in gene-ablated mice (GCSFR / ,
MCP1 / , or MMP9 / ) and the use of
metalloprotease inhibitors do not support their involvement in the
concurrent mobilization. Instead, SDF-1 increases, uniquely associated
with sulfated glycan-mobilizing treatments and not with several other
mobilizing agents tested, are likely responsible. To the authors'
knowledge, this is the first published report of disrupting
the SDF-1 gradient between bone marrow and peripheral blood through a
physiologically relevant mechanism, resulting in mobilization with
kinetics similar to other mobilizing CXC chemokines. The study further
underscores the importance of the biological roles of carbohydrates.

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