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Blood, 1 June 2002, Vol. 99, No. 11, pp. 4138-4146
NEOPLASIA
Insulinlike growth factor-I signaling in multiple myeloma:
downstream elements, functional correlates, and pathway
cross-talk
Ya-Wei Qiang,
Eugene Kopantzev, and
Stuart Rudikoff
From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
In multiple myeloma cells, insulinlike growth
factor-I (IGF-I) activates 2 distinct signaling pathways,
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositol 3-kinase
(PI-3K), leading to both proliferative and antiapoptotic effects.
However, it is unclear through which of these cascades IGF-I regulates
these different responses. The present studies identify a series of downstream targets in the PI-3K pathway, including glycogen synthase kinase-3 , p70S6 kinase, and the 3 members of the
Forkhead family of transcription factors. The contribution of the MAPK
and PI-3K pathways and, where possible, individual elements to
proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated by means of a series of
specific kinase inhibitors. Both processes were regulated almost
exclusively by the PI-3K pathway, with only minor contributions
associated with the MAPK cascade. Within the PI-3K cascade, inhibition
of p70S6 kinase led to significant decreases in proliferation and
protection from apoptosis. Activation of p70S6 kinase could also be
prevented by MAPK inhibitors, indicating regulation by both pathways.
The Forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 was observed to provide a dual
effect in that phosphorylation upon IGF-I treatment resulted in a loss
of ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. The PI-3K
pathway was additionally shown to exhibit cross-talk and to regulate
the MAPK cascade, as inhibition of PI-3K prevented activation of Mek1/2
and other downstream MAPK elements. These results define important
elements in IGF-I regulation of myeloma cell growth and provide
biological correlates critical to an understanding of growth-factor
modulation of proliferation and apoptosis.

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