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Blood, 15 March 2002, Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 2138-2145
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
A novel costimulatory signaling in human T lymphocytes by a
splice variant of CD28
Haruo Hanawa,
Yong Ma,
Sebastian A. Mikolajczak,
Matthew L. Charles,
Tetsuya Yoshida,
Ryoko Yoshida,
Craig A. Strathdee,
David W. Litchfield, and
Atsuo Ochi
From the John P. Robarts Research Institute, the
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Department of
Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario; First Department of
Internal Medicine, Niigata University, Japan; Immunex Corporation,
Seattle, WA.
We have characterized a splice variant (isoform) of the human CD28
T cell costimulatory receptor. The nucleotide sequence of this CD28
isoform was identical to that of CD28 in the signal peptide, the
transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail, but it was missing a
large segment of the extracellular ligand-binding domain, which is
encoded by the second exon. This isoform (CD28i), whose message level
exceeded 25% of CD28, was a transmembrane homodimer. CD28i was found
noncovalently associated with CD28 and was
tyrosine-phosphorylated/PI3-kinase-complexed following the crosslinking of CD28, and the CD28 costimulatory signal was enhanced in T cells expressing CD28i. These data demonstrate that CD28i, via noncovalent association with CD28, plays a role as a
costimulatory signal amplifier in human T cells.

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