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Blood, 15 April 2002, Vol. 99, No. 8, pp. 2653-2661
PLENARY PAPER
Creation of a genetic system for analysis of the phagocyte
respiratory burst: high-level reconstitution of the NADPH oxidase in a
nonhematopoietic system
Marianne O. Price,
Linda C. McPhail,
J. David Lambeth,
Chang-Hoon Han,
Ulla G. Knaus, and
Mary C. Dinauer
From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research,
Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology) and Medical and
Molecular Genetics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana
University Medical Center, Indianapolis; Department of Biochemistry,
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;
Department of Biochemistry, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta,
GA; Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,
CA.
The phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced
form) (NADPH) oxidase was functionally reconstituted in monkey kidney
COS-7 cells by transfection of essential
subunits, gp91phox,
p22phox, p47phox, and
p67phox. COS-7 cells express the essential
small guanosine 5'-triphosphatase, Rac1. Transgenic
COS-phox cells were capable of arachidonic acid-induced NADPH oxidase activity up to 80% of that of human neutrophils, and of
phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced activity up to 20% of that of
neutrophils. Expression of all 4 phox components was
required for enzyme activity, and enzyme activation was associated with
membrane translocation of p47phox,
p67phox, and Rac1. Expression of
p47phox Ser303Ala/Ser304Ala
or Ser379Ala phosphorylation-deficient mutants resulted in
significantly impaired NAPDH oxidase activity, compared with expression
of wild-type p47phox or the
p47phox Ser303Glu/Ser304Glu
phosphorylation mimic, suggesting that p47phox
phosphorylation contributes to enzyme activity in the COS system, as is
the case in neutrophils. Hence, COS-phox cells should be useful as a new whole-cell model that is both capable of high-level superoxide production and readily amenable to genetic manipulation for
investigation of NADPH oxidase function. PMA-elicited superoxide production in COS-phox cells was regulated by activation of
protein kinase C (PKC) and Rac. Although COS-7 cells differ from human neutrophils in PKC isoform expression, transient expression of major
neutrophil isoforms in COS-phox cells did not increase
PMA-induced superoxide production, suggesting that endogenous isoforms
were not rate limiting. Val204 in p67phox,
previously shown to be required for NADPH oxidase activity under cell-free conditions, was found to be essential for superoxide production by intact COS-phox cells, on the basis of
transfection studies using a p67phox
(Val204Ala) mutant.

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