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Blood, 1 May 2002, Vol. 99, No. 9, pp. 3179-3187
GENE THERAPY
Adapting a transforming growth factor -related tumor
protection strategy to enhance antitumor immunity
Catherine M. Bollard,
Claudia Rössig,
M. Julia Calonge,
M. Helen Huls,
Hans-Joachim Wagner,
Joan Massague,
Malcolm K. Brenner,
Helen E. Heslop, and
Cliona M. Rooney
From the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Departments
of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Medicine,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Transforming growth factor (TGF- ), a pleiotropic cytokine
that regulates cell growth and differentiation, is secreted by many
human tumors and markedly inhibits tumor-specific cellular immunity.
Tumors can avoid the differentiating and apoptotic effects of TGF-
by expressing a nonfunctional TGF- receptor. We have determined
whether this immune evasion strategy can be manipulated to shield
tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the inhibitory
effects of tumor-derived TGF- . As our model we used Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV)-specific CTLs that are infused as treatment for
EBV-positive Hodgkin disease but that are vulnerable to the TGF-
produced by this tumor. CTLs were transduced with a retrovirus vector
expressing the dominant-negative TGF- type II receptor HATGF- RII- cyt. HATGF- RII- cyt- but not green fluorescence
protein (eGFP)-transduced CTLs was resistant to the
antiproliferative and anticytotoxic effects of exogenous TGF- .
Additionally, receptor-transduced cells continued to secrete
cytokines in response to antigenic stimulation. TGF- receptor
ligation results in phosphorylation of Smad2, and this pathway was
disrupted in HATGF- RII- cyt-transduced CTLs, confirming
blockade of the signal transduction pathway. Long-term
expression of TGF- RII- cyt did not affect CTL function, phenotype,
or growth characteristics. Tumor-specific CTLs expressing HATGF- RII- cyt should have a selective functional and survival advantage over unmodified CTLs in the presence of TGF- -secreting tumors and may be of value in treatment of these diseases.

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