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Blood, 1 May 2002, Vol. 99, No. 9, pp. 3205-3212
HEMATOPOIESIS
Vitamin C inhibits granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating
factor-induced signaling pathways
Juan M. Cárcamo,
Oriana Bórquez-Ojeda, and
David W. Golde
From the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, and the Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Medicine,
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Vitamin C is present in the cytosol as ascorbic acid, functioning
primarily as a cofactor for enzymatic reactions and as an antioxidant
to scavenge free radicals. Human granulocyte
macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces an increase in
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and uses ROS for some signaling
functions. We therefore investigated the effect of vitamin C on
GM-CSF-mediated responses. Loading U937 cells with vitamin C decreased
intracellular levels of ROS and inhibited the production of ROS induced
by GM-CSF. Vitamin C suppressed GM-CSF-dependent phosphorylation of
the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat-5) and
mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (Erk1 and Erk2) in a
dose-dependent manner as was phosphorylation of MAP kinase induced by
both interleukin 3 (IL-3) and GM-CSF in HL-60 cells. In 293T cells
transfected with alpha and beta GM-CSF receptor subunits ( GMR and
GMR), GM-CSF-induced phosphorylation of GMR and Jak-2 activation
was suppressed by vitamin C loading. GM-CSF-mediated transcriptional activation of a luciferase reporter construct containing STAT-binding sites was also inhibited by vitamin C. These results substantiate the
importance of ROS in GM-CSF signaling and indicate a role for vitamin C
in downmodulating GM-CSF signaling responses. Our findings point to
vitamin C as a regulator of cytokine redox-signal transduction in host
defense cells and a possible role in controlling inflammatory responses.

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