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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Goon, P. K. C. Articles by Bangham, C. R. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Goon, P. K. C. Articles by Bangham, C. R. M. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 1 May 2002, Vol. 99, No. 9, pp. 3335-3341 IMMUNOBIOLOGY High frequencies of Th1-type CD4+ T cells specific to HTLV-1 Env and Tax proteins in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis Peter K. C. Goon, Emmanuel Hanon, Tadahiko Igakura, Yuetsu Tanaka, Jonathan N. Weber, Graham P. Taylor, and Charles R. M. Bangham From the Department of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom, and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan. CD4+ T cells are critical for inducing and maintaining efficient humoral and cellular immune responses to pathogens. The CD4+ T-cell response in human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection has not been studied in detail. However, CD4+ T cells have been shown to predominate in early lesions in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We present direct estimates of HTLV-1 Env- and Tax-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies in patients infected with HTLV-1. We first showed that there was a strong bias toward the Th1 phenotype in these HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with HAM/TSP. We then demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of HTLV-1-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells in HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. The majority of these HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells did not express HTLV-1 Tax and were therefore unlikely to be infected by HTLV-1. High frequencies of activated HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells of the Th1 phenotype might contribute to the initiation or pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and other HTLV-1-associated inflammatory diseases. © 2002 by The American Society of Hematology.   CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: C. Grant, U. Oh, K. Yao, Y. Yamano, and S. 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