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Blood, 1 May 2002, Vol. 99, No. 9, pp. 3335-3341
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
High frequencies of Th1-type CD4+ T cells specific to
HTLV-1 Env and Tax proteins in patients with HTLV-1-associated
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Peter K. C. Goon,
Emmanuel Hanon,
Tadahiko Igakura,
Yuetsu Tanaka,
Jonathan N. Weber,
Graham P. Taylor, and
Charles R. M. Bangham
From the Department of Immunology and Genito-Urinary
Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of
Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom, and the Department
of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of
Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukus,
Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
CD4+ T cells are critical for inducing and maintaining
efficient humoral and cellular immune responses to pathogens. The
CD4+ T-cell response in human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection has not been studied in detail. However,
CD4+ T cells have been shown to predominate in early
lesions in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
(HAM/TSP). We present direct estimates of HTLV-1 Env- and Tax-specific
CD4+ T-cell frequencies in patients infected with HTLV-1.
We first showed that there was a strong bias toward the Th1 phenotype
in these HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with
HAM/TSP. We then demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of
HTLV-1-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells in HAM/TSP
patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. The majority of these
HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells did not express HTLV-1 Tax
and were therefore unlikely to be infected by HTLV-1. High frequencies
of activated HTLV-1-specific CD4+ T cells of the Th1
phenotype might contribute to the initiation or pathogenesis of HAM/TSP
and other HTLV-1-associated inflammatory diseases.
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