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Blood, 15 August 2006, Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 1320-1327.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 9, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-11-006783.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted November 16, 2005
Accepted April 10, 2006
Abnormal disulfide-linked oligomerization results in ER
retention and altered signaling by TNFR1 mutants in the
TNFR1 associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS)
Adrian A Lobito, Fiona C. Kimberley, Jagan R. Muppidi, Hirsh Komarow, Adrianna J. Jackson, Keith M. Hull, Daniel L. Kastner, Gavin R. Screaton, and Richard M Siegel*
Immunoregulation Unit, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, NIH
Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
Inflammatory Biology Section, Genetics and Genomics Branch, NIAMS, NIH
3HHMI-NIH Research Scholar, NIH
Inflammatory Biology Section, Genetics and Genomics Branch, NIAMS, NIH
Inflammatory Biology Section, Genetics and Genomics Branch, NIAMS NIH
* Corresponding author; email: siegelr{at}mail.nih.gov.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated periodic
syndrome (TRAPS) is an autosomal dominant systemic
autoinflammatory disease associated with heterozygous
mutations in TNF-Receptor 1 (TNFR1). Here we examined
the structural and functional alterations caused by nine
distinct TRAPS-associated TNFR1 mutations in transfected
cells and a mouse 'knock-in' model of TRAPS. We found
that these TNFR1 mutants did not generate soluble
versions of the receptor, either through membrane
cleavage or in exosomes. Mutant receptors did not bind
TNF and failed to function as dominant negative
inhibitors of TNFR1-induced apoptosis. Instead, TRAPS
mutant TNFR1 formed abnormal disulfide-linked oligomers
that failed to interact with wild-type TNFR1 molecules
through the pre-ligand assembly domain (PLAD) that
normally governs receptor self-association. TRAPS mutant
TNFR1 molecules were retained intracellularly and
colocalized with ER markers. The capacity of mutant
receptors to spontaneously induce both apoptosis and NF-?
B activity was reduced. In contrast, the R92Q variant of
TNFR1 behaved like the wild-type receptor in all of
these assays. The inflammatory phenotype of TRAPS may
be due to consequences of mutant TNFR1 protein
misfolding and ER retention.

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