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Blood, 15 October 2006, Vol. 108, No. 8, pp. 2642-2647.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 4, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-01-009282.
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Submitted January 24, 2006
Accepted March 30, 2006
CRM197-conjugated serogroup C meningococcal capsular
polysaccharide, but not the native polysaccharide, induces
persistent antigen specific memory B cells
Dominic F Kelly*, Mathew Snape, Elizabeth C Clutterbuck, Sarah Green, Claire Snowden, Linda Diggle, Ly-mee Yu, Astrid Borkowski, E Richard Moxon, and Andrew J Pollard
Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK
Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
Chiron Vaccines, Marburg, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: dominic.kelly{at}paediatrics.ox.ac.uk.
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of
bacterial meningitis and septicaemia in children.
Vaccines containing the purified polysaccharide capsule
from the organism, a T-independent antigen, have been
available for decades but do not appear to provide
protection in infancy or immunologic memory as measured
by antibody responses. By contrast, T-dependent
serogroup C protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines
protect against serogroup C meningococcal disease from
infancy onwards and prime for immunological memory. We
compared the magnitude and kinetics of plasma cell and
memory B-cell responses to both a meningococcal plain
polysaccharide vaccine and a serogroup C glycoconjugate
vaccine in teenagers previously primed with the
conjugate vaccine. Plasma cell kinetics were similar for
both vaccines although the magnitude of the response was
greater for the glycoconjugate. In contrast to the
glycoconjugate vaccine the plain polysaccharide vaccine
did not induce a persistent IgG memory B cell response.
This is the first study to directly show that serogroup
C meningococcal glyconconjugate vaccines induce
persistent production of memory B cells whilst plain
polysaccharide vaccines do not, supporting the use of
the conjugate vaccine for sustained population
protection. Detection of peripheral blood memory B-cell
responses after vaccination may be a useful signature of
successful induction of immunological memory during
novel vaccine evaluation.
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