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Blood, 1 October 2006, Vol. 108, No. 7, pp. 2198-2206.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 6, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-019760.


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Submitted April 26, 2006
Accepted May 22, 2006

Maturation stage-specific regulation of megakaryopoiesis by pointed-domain Ets proteins

Liyan Pang, Hai-Hui Xue, Gabor Szalai, Xun Wang, Yuhuan Wang, Dennis K Watson, Warren J Leonard, Gerd A Blobel*, and Mortimer Poncz

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

* Corresponding author; email: blobel{at}email.chop.edu.

Numerous megakaryocyte-specific genes contain signature Ets-binding sites in their regulatory regions. Fli-1, an Ets transcription factor, is required for the normal maturation of megakaryocytes and controls the expression of multiple megakaryocyte-specific genes. However, in Fli-1-/- mice, early megakaryopoiesis persists, and the expression of the early megakaryocyte-specific genes, {alpha}IIb and cMpl, is maintained, consistent with functional compensation by a related Ets factor(s). Here we identify the Ets protein GABP{alpha} as a regulator of early megakaryocyte-specific genes. Notably, GABP{alpha} preferentially occupies Ets elements of early megakaryocyte-specific genes in vitro and in vivo, whereas Fli-1 binds preferentially to late megakaryocyte-specific genes. Moreover, the ratio of GABP{alpha}/Fli-1 expression declines throughout megakaryocyte maturation. Consistent with this expression pattern, primary fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes from Fli-1-deficient murine embryos exhibit reduced expression of genes associated with late stages of maturation (Glycoprotein (GP) Ib{alpha}, GPIX and Platelet Factor 4 (PF4)), whereas GABP{alpha}-deficient megakaryocytes were mostly impaired in the expression of early megakaryocyte-specific genes ({alpha}IIb and cMpl). Finally, mechanistic experiments revealed that GABP{alpha}, like Fli-1, can impart transcriptional synergy between the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 and its cofactor FOG-1. In concert, these data reveal disparate, but overlapping, functions of Ets transcription factors at distinct stages of megakaryocyte maturation.


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