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Blood, 15 February 2007, Vol. 109, No. 4, pp. 1692-1700.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 5, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-07-037077.
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted July 31, 2006
Accepted September 23, 2006
A gene expression signature of benign monoclonal
gammopathy evident in multiple myeloma is linked to good
prognosis
Fenghuang Zhan, Bart Barlogie, Varant Arzoumanian, Yongsheng Huang, David R. Williams, Klaus Hollmig, Mauricio Pineda-Roman, Guido Tricot, Frits van Rhee, Maurizio Zangari, Madhav Dhodapkar, and John D Shaughnessy, Jr*
Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
* Corresponding author; email: shaughnessyjohn{at}uams.edu.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) can progress to multiple myeloma (MM). Although sharing many of the same genetic features, it is still not clear whether global gene expression profiling might identify genomic signatures that distinguish these two conditions. Applying Significance Analysis of Microarrays, 52 genes, involved in important pathways related to cancer, were differentially expressed between plasma cells from healthy subjects (n=22) and patients with stringently defined MGUS/smoldering MM (n=24) and symptomatic MM (n=351) (P < .001). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 351 MM, 44 MGUS (24 + 20) and 16 MM with MGUS history, created two major cluster branches, one containing 82% of the MGUS cases and 28% of the MM, termed MGUS-like MM (MGUS-L MM). Using the same clustering approach on an independent cohort of 214 cases of MM, 27% were MGUS-L. This molecular signature, despite being associated with a lower incidence of complete remission (P = .006), was associated with low-risk clinical and molecular features and superior survival (P < .01). The MGUS-L signature was also seen in plasma cells from 15 of 20 patients surviving more than 10 years after autotransplant. These data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of plasma cell dyscrasias.
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