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Blood, 15 April 2007, Vol. 109, No. 8, pp. 3451-3461.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 14, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-08-041012.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted August 10, 2006
Accepted December 2, 2006
Five members of the CEBP transcription factor family are targeted by recurrent IGH-translocations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL)
Takashi Akasaka, Theodore Balasas, Lisa J Russell, Kei-ji Sugimoto, Aneela Majid, Renata Walewska, E Loraine Karran, David G Brown, Kelvin Cain, Lana Harder, Stefan Gesk, Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero, Mark G Atherton, Monika Bruggemann, Maria Jose Calasanz, Teresa Davies, Oskar A Haas, Anne Hagemeijer, Helena Kempski, Michel Lessard, Debra M Lillington, Sarah Moore, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Isabelle Radford-Weiss, Claudia Schoch, Stephanie Struski, Polly Talley, Melanie J Welham, Helen Worley, Jon C Strefford, Christine J Harrison, Reiner Siebert, and Martin JS Dyer*
MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Merseyside & Cheshire Genetics Laboratory, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
South West Regional Cytogenetics Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
Paediatric Malignancy Cytogenetics Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom
Laboratoire d'Hematologie, Hopital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
SA Cancer Cytogenetics Unit, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, Australia
Unite de Cytogenetique Hematologique, EO210 INSERM, Groupe Hopitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
Unite de Cytogenetique Hematologique, Service d'Histo-Embryologie et de Cytogenetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
MLL Munchner Leukamielabor GmbH, Munich, Germany
Sheffield Regional Cytogenetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
* Corresponding author; email: mjsd1{at}le.ac.uk.
CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein (CEBP) transcription factors play pivotal roles in proliferation and differentiation, including suppression of myeloid leukemogenesis. Mutations of CEBPA are found in a subset of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and in some cases of familial AML. Here, using cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular cloning, we show that five CEBP gene family members are targeted by recurrent IGH chromosomal translocations in BCP-ALL. Ten cases with t(8;14)(q11;q32) involved CEBPD on chromosome 8, nine cases with t(14;19)(q32;q13) involved CEBPA, whilst a further case involved CEBPG, located 71kb telomeric of CEBPA on chromosome band,19q13; four cases with inv(14)(q11q32)/t(14;14)(q11;q32) involved CEBPE and three with t(14;20)(q32;q13), CEBPB. In 16 cases the translocation breakpoints were cloned using long-distance inverse (LDI-) PCR. With the exception of CEBPD breakpoints, which were scattered within a 43kb region centromeric of CEBPD, translocation breakpoints were clustered immediately 5' or 3' of the involved CEBP gene. Except in one case with t(14;14)(q11;q32), the involved CEBP genes retained germline sequences. Quantitative RT-PCR showed over-expression of the translocated CEBP gene. Our findings implicate the CEBP gene family as novel oncogenes in BCP-ALL, and suggest opposing functions of CEBP dysregulation in myeloid and lymphoid leukemogenesis.

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