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Blood, 1 May 2007, Vol. 109, No. 9, pp. 3945-3952.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 27, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-09-047530.
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Submitted September 18, 2006
Accepted December 18, 2006
K-RasG12D expression induces hyperproliferation and aberrant signaling in primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Margaret E. M. Van Meter, Ernesto Diaz-Flores, Joehleen A. Archard, Emmanuelle Passegue, Jonathan M. Irish, Nikesh Kotecha, Garry P. Nolan, Kevin Shannon, and Benjamin S. Braun*
Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, and the Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Bioinformatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
* Corresponding author; email: braunb{at}peds.ucsf.edu.
Defining how cancer-associated mutations perturb signaling networks in stem/progenitor populations that are integral to tumor formation and maintenance is a fundamental problem with biologic and clinical implications. Point mutations in RAS genes contribute to many cancers, including myeloid malignancies. We investigated the effects of an oncogenic K-RasG12D allele on phosphorylated signaling molecules in primary c-kit+lin-/low hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Comparison of wild-type and KrasG12D c-kit+lin-/low cells shows that K-RasG12D expression causes hyperproliferation in vivo and results in abnormal levels of phosphorylated STAT5, ERK, and S6 under basal and stimulated conditions. Whereas K-RasG12D cells demonstrate hyperactive signaling after exposure to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, we unexpectedly observe a paradoxical attenuation of ERK and S6 phosphorylation in response to stem cell factor. These studies provide direct biochemical evidence that cancer stem/progenitor cells remodel signaling networks in response to oncogenic stress, and demonstrate that multiparameter flow cytometry can be used to monitor the effects of targeted therapeutics in vivo. This strategy has broad implications for defining the architecture of signaling networks in primary cancer cells and for implementing stem cell-targeted interventions.

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