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Blood, 15 August 2007, Vol. 110, No. 4, pp. 1362-1369. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 4, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-12-063412. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: blood-2006-12-063412v1 110/4/1362    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Breitbach, M. Articles by Fleischmann, B. K Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Breitbach, M. Articles by Fleischmann, B. K Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted December 18, 2006 Accepted April 20, 2007 Potential risks of bone marrow cell transplantation into infarcted hearts Martin Breitbach, Toktam Bostani, Wilhelm Roell, Ying Xia, Oliver Dewald, Jens M Nygren, Jochen WU Fries, Klaus Tiemann, Heribert Bohlen, Juergen Hescheler, Armin Welz, Wilhelm Bloch, Sten Eirik W Jacobsen, and Bernd K Fleischmann* Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Lund Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Bonn, Germany Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Axiogenesis AG, Cologne, Germany Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany * Corresponding author; email: bernd.fleischmann{at}uni-bonn.de. Cellular replacement therapy has emerged as a novel strategy for the treatment of heart failure. The aim of our study was to determine the fate of injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and whole bone marrow (BM) cells in the infarcted heart. MSCs were purified from BM of transgenic mice and characterized using flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assays. Myocardial infarctions were generated in mice and different cell populations including transgenic MSCs, un-fractionated BM cells or purified hematopoietic progenitors were injected. Encapsulated structures were found in the infarcted areas of a large fraction of hearts after injecting MSCs (22/43, 51.2%) and un-fractionated BM cells (6/46, 13.0%). These formations contained calcifications and/or ossifications. In contrast, no pathological abnormalities were found after injection of purified hematopoietic progenitors (0/5, 0.0%), fibroblasts (0/5, 0.0%), vehicle only (0/30, 0.0%) or cytokine induced mobilization of BM cells (0/35, 0.0%). We conclude that the developmental fate of BM-derived cells is not restricted by the surrounding tissue post-myocardial infarction and that the MSC fraction underlies the extended bone formation in the infarcted myocardium. These findings seriously question the biological basis and clinical safety of utilizing whole BM and in particular MSCs to treat non-hematopoietic disorders. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: J. M. Hare, J. H. Traverse, T. D. Henry, N. Dib, R. K. Strumpf, S. P. Schulman, G. Gerstenblith, A. N. DeMaria, A. E. Denktas, R. S. Gammon, et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Study of Intravenous Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Prochymal) After Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 8, 2009; 54(24): 2277 - 2286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Y. Zhang, Y. Chu, W. Shen, and Z. Dou Effect of 5-azacytidine induction duration on differentiation of human first-trimester fetal mesenchymal stem cells towards cardiomyocyte-like cells Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, December 1, 2009; 9(6): 943 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] K. H. Schuleri, G. S. Feigenbaum, M. Centola, E. S. Weiss, J. M. Zimmet, J. Turney, J. Kellner, M. M. Zviman, K. E. Hatzistergos, B. Detrick, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce reverse remodelling in chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2009; 30(22): 2722 - 2732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. J. Gersh, R. D. Simari, A. Behfar, C. M. Terzic, and A. 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