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Blood, 15 June 2008, Vol. 111, No. 12, pp. 5721-5726.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 10, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-02-074849.
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Submitted February 16, 2007
Accepted November 14, 2007
Identification of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk for pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease
Allison E. Ashley-Koch*, Laine Elliott, Melanie E. Kail, Laura M. De Castro, Jude Jonassaint, Terry L. Jackson, Jennifer Price, Kenneth I Ataga, Marc C Levesque, J Brice Weinberg, Eugene P Orringer, Ann Collins, Jeffery M Vance, and Marilyn J. Telen
Department of Medicine, Duke University and VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Miami Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
* Corresponding author; email: allison.ashleykoch{at}duke.edu.
Up to thirty percent of adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) will develop pulmonary hypertension (pHTN), a complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To identify genetic factors that contribute to risk for pHTN in SCD, we performed association analysis with 297 SNPs in 49 candidate genes in patients with Hb SS who had been screened for pHTN by echocardiography (n=111). Evidence of association was primarily identified for genes in the TG superfamily, including activin A receptor, type II-like 1 (ACVRL1), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6). The association of pHTN with ACVRL1 and BMPR2 corroborates the previous association of these genes with primary pHTN. Moreover, genes in the TGF pathway have been independently implicated in risk for several sickle cell complications, suggesting that this gene pathway is important in overall sickle cell pathophysiology. Genetic variation in the beta-1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) was also associated with pHTN in our dataset. A multiple regression model, which included age and baseline hemoglobin as covariates, retained SNPs in ACVRL1, BMP6 and ADRB1 as independently contributing to pHTN risk. These findings may offer new promise for identifying patients at risk for pHTN, developing new therapeutic targets and reducing the occurrence of this life-threatening SCD complication.

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