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Blood, 15 September 2007, Vol. 110, No. 6, pp. 1942-1949. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 14, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079699.
Submitted March 13, 2007
Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada * Corresponding author; email: amui{at}interchange.ubc.ca.
Because phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a central role in cellular activation, proliferation and survival, pharmacological inhibitors targeting components of the PI3K pathway are actively being developed as therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. These targeted drugs inhibit the activity of either PI3K itself or downstream protein kinases. However, a previously unexplored, alternate strategy is to activate the negative regulatory phosphatases in this pathway. The SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase SHIP1 is a normal physiological counter-regulator of PI3K in immune/hematopoietic cells which hydrolyzes the PI3K product phosphatidylinositiol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We now describe the identification and characterization of potent and specific small molecule activators of SHIP1. These compounds represent the first small molecule activators of a phosphatases, and are able to activate recombinant SHIP1 enzyme in vitro and stimulate SHIP1 activity in intact cells macrophage and mast cells. Mechanism of activation studies with these compounds suggests that they bind a previously undescribed, allosteric activation domain within SHIP1. Furthermore, in vivo administration of these compounds was protective in mouse models of endotoxemia and acute cutaneous anaphylaxis suggesting that SHIP1 agonists could be used therapeutically to inhibit the PI3K pathway.
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