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Blood, 15 December 2007, Vol. 110, No. 13, pp. 4436-4444.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 4, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088815.
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Submitted May 7, 2007
Accepted August 29, 2007
Rapid and selective death of leukemia stem and progenitor cells induced by the compound 4-benzyl, 2-methyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine, 3,5 dione (TDZD-8)
Monica L Guzman*, Xiaojie Li, Cheryl A Corbett, Randall M Rossi, Timothy Bushnell, Jane L Liesveld, Josee Hebert, Fay Young, and Craig T. Jordan
James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Centre de Recherche Guy-Bernier, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* Corresponding author; email: monica_guzman{at}urmc.rochester.edu.
Leukemia is thought to arise from malignant stem cells, which have been described for acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML), and for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are relatively resistant to current chemotherapy and likely contribute to disease relapse and progression. Consequently, the identification of drugs that can efficiently eradicate LSCs is an important priority. In the present study, we investigated the anti-leukemia activity of the compound TDZD-8. Analysis of primary AML, CML, ALL, and CLL specimens demonstrated rapid induction of cell death upon treatment with TDZD-8. In addition, for myeloid leukemias, cytotoxicity was observed for phenotypically primitive cells, in vitro colony-forming progenitors, and LSCs as defined by xenotransplantation assays. In contrast, no significant toxicity was observed for normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Notably, cell death was frequently evident within 2 hours or less of TDZD-8 exposure. Cellular and molecular studies indicate that the mechanism by which TDZD-8 induces cell death involves rapid loss of membrane integrity, depletion of free thiols, and inhibition of both the PKC and FLT3 signaling pathways. We conclude that TDZD-8 employs a unique and previously unknown mechanism to rapidly target leukemia cells, including malignant stem and progenitor populations.
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