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Blood, 15 November 2007, Vol. 110, No. 10, pp. 3610-3617.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 7, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-06-094441.
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Submitted June 7, 2007
Accepted August 6, 2007
Oxygen-dependent ATF-4 stability is mediated by the PHD3 oxygen sensor
Jens Koditz, Jutta Nesper, Marieke Wottawa, Daniel P Stiehl, Gieri Camenisch, Corinna Franke, Johanna Myllyharju, Roland H Wenger, and Dorthe M Katschinski*
Department of Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Georg-August University Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
Cell Physiology Group, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle, Halle, Germany
Institute of Physiology, & Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, & Dept of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
* Corresponding author; email: katschinski{at}physiol.med.uni-goettingen.de.
The activating transcription factor-4 (ATF-4) is translationally induced under anoxic conditions, mediates part of the unfolded protein response following ER stress, and is a critical regulator of cell fate. Here, we identified the zipper II domain of ATF-4 to interact with the oxygen sensor prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3). The PHD inhibitors DMOG and hypoxia, or proteasomal inhibition, all induced ATF-4 protein levels. Hypoxic induction of ATF-4 was due to increased protein stability but independent of the ubiquitin ligase pVHL. A novel oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain was identified adjacent to the zipper II domain. Mutations of five prolyl residues within this ODD domain or siRNA-mediated downregulation of PHD3, but not of PHD2, was sufficient to stabilize ATF-4 under normoxic conditions. These data demonstrate that PHD-dependent oxygen-sensing recruits both the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and ATF-4 systems and hence not only confers adaptive responses but also cell fate decisions.

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