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Blood, 15 March 2008, Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 3155-3162.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 11, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-09-110312.
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Submitted September 4, 2007
Accepted January 7, 2008
Autologous anti-tumor activity by NK cells expanded from myeloma patients using GMP-compliant components
Evren Alici, Tolga Sutlu, Bo Bjorkstrand, Mari Gilljam, Birgitta Stellan, Hareth Nahi, Hernan Concha Quezada, Gosta Gahrton, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, and M. Sirac Dilber*
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
* Corresponding author; email: sirac.dilber{at}ki.se.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with poor outcome. The most promising therapeutic options currently available are combinations of transplantation, targeted pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Cell-based immunotherapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been attempted but, with limited efficacy. Natural killer (NK) cells are interesting candidates for new means of immunotherapy; however, their potential clinical use in MM has not been extensively studied. Here, we explored the possibility of expanding NK cells from the peripheral blood of seven newly diagnosed, untreated MM patients, using good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant components. After 20 days of culture, the number of NK cells from these patients had expanded on average 1,600-fold. Moreover, expanded NK cells showed significant cytotoxicity against primary autologous MM cells, yet retained their tolerance against non-malignant cells. Based on these findings, we propose that autologous NK cells expanded ex vivo deserve further attention as a possible new treatment modality for MM.

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