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Blood, 1 September 2008, Vol. 112, No. 5, pp. 2017-2019.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 19, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-01-135186.
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Submitted January 23, 2008
Accepted June 4, 2008
Leukemic transformation in mice expressing a NUP98-HOXD13 transgene is accompanied by spontaneous mutations in Nras, Kras, and Cbl
Christopher Slape, Leah Y Liu, Sarah Beachy, and Peter D. Aplan*
Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI,NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
* Corresponding author; email: aplanp{at}mail.nih.gov.
The NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) fusion gene occurs in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). We reported that transgenic mice expressing NHD13 develop MDS, and that over half of these mice eventually progress to acute leukemia. The latency period suggests a requirement for at least one complementary event prior to leukemic transformation. We conducted a candidate gene search for complementary events focused on genes that are frequently mutated in human myeloid leukemia. We investigated 22 ANLL samples and found a high frequency of Nras and Kras mutations, an absence of Npm1, p53, Runx1, Kit and Flt3 mutations, and a single Cbl mutation. Our findings support a working hypothesis which predicts that ANLL cases have one mutation which inhibits differentiation, and a complementary mutation which enhances proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. In addition, we provide the first evidence for spontaneous collaborating mutations in a genetically engineered mouse model of ANLL.

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