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Blood, 1 October 2008, Vol. 112, No. 7, pp. 2990-2995.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 20, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-01-135285.
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Submitted January 23, 2008
Accepted April 13, 2008
Survival after T-cell depleted haploidentical stem cell transplantation is improved using the mother as donor
Martin Stern*, Loredana Ruggeri, Antonella Mancusi, Maria Ester Bernardo, Claudia de Angelis, Christoph Bucher, Franco Locatelli, Franco Aversa, and Andrea Velardi
Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Hematology & Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
* Corresponding author; email: sternm{at}uhbs.ch.
We hypothesized that transplacental leukocyte trafficking during pregnancy, which induces long-term, stable, reciprocal microchimerism in mother and child, might influence outcome of patients with acute leukemia given parental donor haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
We analyzed the outcome of 118 patients transplanted for acute leukemia in two centers. Patients received highly T-cell depleted haploidentical grafts after myeloablative conditioning. Five-year event-free survival was better in patients transplanted from the mother than from the father (50.6 ± 7.6% versus 11.1 ± 4.2%, p<0.0001). Better survival was the result of both reduced incidence of relapse and transplantation-related mortality. The protective effect was seen in both female and male recipients, in both lymphoid and myeloid diseases; it was more evident in patients transplanted in remission than in chemo-resistant relapse. Incidences of rejection and acute graft-versus-host disease were not significantly influenced. Multivariate analysis confirmed donor gender in parental donor transplants as an independent prognostic factor for survival (hazard ratio father vs mother 2.36, p=0.003). In contrast, in a control cohort of patients transplanted from haploidentical siblings, donor gender had no influence on outcome.
Although obtained in a retrospective analysis, these data suggest that the mother of the patient should be preferred as donor for haploidentical HSCT.

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