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Blood, 12 March 2009, Vol. 113, No. 11, pp. 2488-2497.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 15, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-04-152900.


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Submitted April 18, 2008
Accepted November 30, 2008

New insights into the biology and origin of mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas by combined epigenomic, genomic and transcriptional profiling

Jose I Martin-Subero, Markus Kreuz, Marina Bibikova, Stefan Bentink, Ole Ammerpohl, Eliza Wickham-Garcia, Maciej Rosolowski, Julia Richter, Lidia Lopez-Serra, Esteban Ballestar, Hilmar Berger, Xabier Agirre, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Vincenzo Calvanese, Sergio B Cogliatti, Hans G Drexler, Jian-Bing Fan, Mario F Fraga, Martin L Hansmann, Michael Hummel, Wolfram Klapper, Bernhard Korn, Ralf Kuppers, Roderick AF MacLeod, Peter Moller, German Ott, Christiane Pott, Felipe Prosper, Andreas Rosenwald, Carsten Schwaenen, Dirk Schubeler, Marc Seifert, Benjamin Sturzenhofecker, Michael Weber, Swen Wessendorf, Markus Loeffler, Lorenz Trumper, Harald Stein, Rainer Spang, Manel Esteller, David Barker, Dirk Hasenclever, and Reiner Siebert*

Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
Clinica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Institute of Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
Second Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
Cytogenetic and Molecular Diagnostics, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
Georg-August University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: rsiebert{at}medgen.uni-kiel.de.

Lymphomas are assumed to originate at different stages of lymphocyte development through chromosomal aberrations. Thus, different lymphomas resemble lymphocytes at distinct differentiation stages and show characteristic morphologic, genetic and transcriptional features. Here, we have performed a microarray-based DNA methylation profiling of 83 mature aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (maB-NHL) characterized for their morphologic, genetic and transcriptional features, including molecular Burkitt lymphomas and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Hierarchical clustering indicated that methylation patterns in maB-NHL were not strictly associated with morphologic, genetic or transcriptional features. By supervised analyses, we identified 56 genes de novo methylated in all lymphoma subtypes studied and 22 methylated in a lymphoma subtype-specific manner. Remarkably, the group of genes de novo methylated in all lymphoma subtypes was significantly enriched for polycomb targets in embryonic stem cells. De novo methylated genes in all maB-NHL studied were expressed at low levels in lymphomas and normal hematopoietic tissues but not in non-hematopoietic tissues. These findings, especially the enrichment for polycomb targets in stem cells, indicate that maB-NHL with different morphological, genetic and transcriptional background share a similar stem cell-like epigenetic pattern. This suggests that maB-NHL originate from cells with stem-cell features or that stemness was acquired during lymphomagenesis by epigenetic remodeling.


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