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Blood, 15 November 2008, Vol. 112, No. 10, pp. 4017-4023.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 31, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-05-159624.
Previous Article | Next Article 
Submitted May 27, 2008
Accepted June 22, 2008
Multiparameter flow cytometry remission is the most relevant prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation
Bruno Paiva, Maria-Belen Vidriales, Jorge Cervero, Gema Mateo, Jose J. Perez, Maria Angeles Montalban, Anna Sureda, Laura Montejano, Norma C. Gutierrez, Alfonso Garcia de Coca, Natalia de las Heras, Maria Victoria Mateos, Maria Consuelo Lopez-Berges, Raimundo Garcia-Boyero, Josefina Galende, Jose Hernandez, Luis Palomera, Dolores Carrera, Rafael Martinez, Javier de la Rubia, Alejandro Martin, Joan Blade, Juan Jose Lahuerta, Alberto Orfao, and Jesus F. San Miguel*
Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (CIC, IBMCC USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Complejo Hospitalario de Leon, Leon, Spain
Hospital General de Castellon, Castellon, Spain
Hospital del Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain
Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain
Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora, Spain
Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Citometry, Servicio General de Citometria, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
* Corresponding author; email: sanmigiz{at}usal.es.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment is standard in many hematologic malignancies but is considered investigational in multiple myeloma (MM). We report a prospective analysis of the prognostic importance of MRD detection by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in 295 newly diagnosed MM patients uniformly treated in the GEM2000 protocol (VBMCP/VBAD induction plus autologous stem cell transplant [ASCT]). MRD status by MFC was determined at day 100 post-ASCT. Progression-free survival (PFS; median 71 vs 37 months, P < .0001) and overall survival (OS; median not reached vs 89 months, P = .002) were longer in patients who were MRD-negative versus MRD-positive at day 100 post-ASCT. Similar prognostic differentiation was seen in 147 patients who achieved immunofixation-negative complete response post-ASCT. Moreover, patients MRD- IFx- and MRD- IFx+ patients had significantly longer PFS than MRD+ IFx- patients. Multivariate analysis identified MRD status by MFC at day 100 post-ASCT as the most important independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR = 3.64, P = .002) and OS (HR = 2.02, P = .02). Our findings demonstrate the clinical importance of MRD evaluation by MFC, and illustrate the need for further refinement of MM response criteria. This trial is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov under identifier NCT00560053.

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