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Blood, 16 July 2009, Vol. 114, No. 3, pp. 589-595. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 6, 2009; DOI 10.1182/blood-2009-02-206870. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: blood-2009-02-206870v1 114/3/589    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lee, Y. Articles by Fu, Y.-X. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lee, Y. Articles by Fu, Y.-X. Related Collections Related Article in Blood Online Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Next Article  Submitted February 20, 2009 Accepted March 23, 2009 Therapeutic effects of ablative radiation on local tumor require CD8+ T cells: changing strategies for cancer treatment Youjin Lee, Sogyong L. Auh, Yugang Wang, Byron Burnette, Yang Wang, Yuru Meng, Michael Beckett, Rohit Sharma, Robert Chin, Tony Tu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Yang-Xin Fu* Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States * Corresponding author; email: yfu{at}uchicago.edu. Patients with locally advanced cancer or distant metastasis frequently receive prolonged treatment with chemotherapy and/or fractionated radiotherapy (RT). Despite the initial clinical response, treatment resistance frequently develops and cure in these patients is uncommon. Developments in radiotherapy technology allow for the use of high dose (or ablative) RT to target local tumors, with limited damage to the surrounding normal tissue. We report that reduction of tumor burden following ablative RT depends largely on T cell responses. Ablative RT dramatically increases T cell priming in draining lymphoid tissues, leading to reduction/eradication of the primary tumor or distant metastasis in a CD8+ T cell dependent fashion. We further demonstrate that ablative RT-initiated immune responses and tumor reduction are abrogated by conventional fractionated RT or adjuvant chemotherapy, but greatly amplified by local immunotherapy. Our study challenges the rationale for current radio/chemotherapy strategies and highlights the importance of immune activation in preventing tumor relapse. Our findings emphasize the need for new strategies that not only reduce tumor burden but also enhance the role of anti-tumor immunity. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? Related Article in Blood Online: Ablative RT protects immune responses Anatoly Dritschilo Blood 2009 114: 497-498. [Full Text] [PDF] This article has been cited by other articles: A. Dritschilo Ablative RT protects immune responses Blood, July 16, 2009; 114(3): 497 - 498. [Full Text] [PDF]

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